| Oceanography > Issues > Archive > Volume 15 > Issue 2 |
2002, Oceanography 15(2):36–47, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2002.20
The GLOBEC Northeast Pacific California Current System Program
Authors | First Paragraph | Full Article | Citation
Authors
Harold P. Batchelder | Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
John A. Barth | Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
P. Michael Kosro | Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
P. Ted Strub | Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Richard D. Brodeur | NOAA/Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, Oregon, USA
William T. Peterson | NOAA/Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, Oregon, USA
Cynthia T. Tynan | NOAA/Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, Oregon, USA
Mark D. Ohman | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, California, USA
Louis W. Botsford | University of California, Davis, California, USA
Thomas M. Powell | University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
Franklin B. Schwing | NOAA/Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Pacific Grove, California, USA
David G. Ainley | H.T. Harvey and Associates, Alviso, California, USA
David L. Mackas | Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
Barbara M. Hickey | University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Steven R. Ramp | Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA
First Paragraph
In the summer of 1775 a lone frigate, commanded by Bruno de Hezeta, sailed southward along the west coast of a land which would eventually become the United States of America. Hezeta, a first lieutenant in the Spanish Royal Navy, had secretly been sent north from California to claim land on the Northwest coast before Russia could claim the land. On the return voyage to Monterey, his diary entry for 18 August 1775 described the coastal region between 44° and 45°N:
This land is mountainous but not very elevated, nor as well -forested as that from latitude 48°30' down to 46°. In sounding l found considerable difference, for at a distance o,fseven leagues [about 21 nautical miles] I sounded in 84 varas [vara is the Spanish term for yard, equivalent to 33 English inches, or 0.838 m] but as I approached the coast I sometimes found no bottom. This leads me to believe there are some reefs or sandbanks on this coast, which is also shown by the color of the water. In some places the coast ends in a beach, and in oth- ers in steep cliffs. (Beals, 1985, p. 89)
Full Article
Citation
Batchelder, H.P., J.A. Barth, P.M. Kosro, P.T. Strub, R.D. Brodeur, W.T. Peterson, C.T. Tynan, M.D. Ohman, L.W. Botsford, T.M. Powell, F.B. Schwing, D.G. Ainley, D.L. Mackas, B.M. Hickey, and S.R. Ramp. 2002. The GLOBEC Northeast Pacific California Current System Program. Oceanography 15(2):36–47, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2002.20.